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Introduction
The New Jersey Pine Barrens, or Pinelands, is a unique natural area covering over 1 million acres of the Outer Coastal Plain in southern and central New Jersey (click here for map). The soils are sandy and acidic, and fires were historically common. As a result, many species are fire-adapted. The dominant pine species in fire-prone areas is Pinus rigida (Pitch Pine). For geologic and climatic reasons, partially relating to glaciation events, many species are at their range limit (northern or southern) in the Pinelands.
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A large part of the pinelands is protected by state and federal legislation. The New Jersey Pinelands Commission is an organization that oversees the management of the outer, Protection Area of the pinelands, and the inner, Preservation Area. The global significance of the pinelands is shown by its designation as the Pinelands National Reserve in 1978, and as a United Nations International Biosphere Reserve in 1983.
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This Web site contains a collection of color photographs of 61 New Jersey Pinelands plants. Below each photograph are the scientific and common names of the plant, the family to which it belongs, its approximate height at maturity, a brief description of the plant and its habitat, and the place where the photograph was taken. Taxonomy follows that found in "A Field Guide to the Pine Barrens of New Jersey", by Howard P. Boyd.
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The main purposes of this site are to increase people's knowledge and appreciation of New Jersey Pine Barrens plants, and to show that pinelands plants can be attractive landscape plants. The Pinelands Comprehensive Management Plan requires that, in certain areas, 80% of the plants used for landscaping be native pinelands species. This web site is maintained by Dr. Michael F. Gross of Georgian Court University, for use in biology courses, as well as by the general public. While all of the plants shown can be found in the pinelands, not all of them are considered common, or characteristic of, the pinelands. Georgian Court University is located in the ecological pine barrens, but not in the areas protected by legislation. Many pinelands plants grow in the university's arboretum, or on other parts of the campus.
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Free use of the materials at this site is granted for non-profit purposes only, provided that the source of the materials is acknowledged.
Please direct any comments about these pages to Dr. Michael Gross (732.987.2373) at:
gross@georgian.edu
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Acer rubrum (Red Maple) (5 GIF images, 278K)
Alnus serrulata (Smooth Alder) (2 GIF images, 103K)
Andropogon glomeratus (Bushy Beardgrass) (1 GIF image, 22K)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry) (2 GIF images, 93K)
Arethusa bulbosa (Arethusa) (1 GIF image, 33K)
Aronia arbutifolia (Red Chokeberry) (2 GIF images, 54K)
Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) (1 GIF image, 10K)
Calopogon pulchellus (Grass Pink) (1 GIF image, 30K)
Cephalanthus occidentalis (Buttonbush) (1 GIF image, 158K)
Chamaecyparis thyoides (Atlantic White Cedar) (2 GIF images, 95K)
Chamaedaphne calyculata (Leather-leaf) (3 GIF images, 66K)
Chimaphila maculata (Spotted Wintergreen) (2 GIF images, 88K)
Clethra alnifolia (Sweet Pepperbush) (2 GIF images, 116K)
Cypripedium acaule (Pink Lady's Slipper Orchid) (1 GIF image, 95K)
Drosera filiformis (Thread-leaved Sundew) (2 GIF images, 72K)
Drosera intermedia (Spatulate-leaved Sundew) (2 GIF images, 204K)
Drosera rotundifolia (Round-leaved Sundew) (2 GIF images, 93K)
Epigaea repens (Trailing Arbutus) (1 GIF image, 42K)
Gaultheria procumbens (Teaberry) (2 GIF images, 90K)
Gaylussacia baccata (Black Huckleberry) (1 GIF image, 32K)
Ilex glabra (Inkberry Holly) (3 GIF images, 134K)
Ilex laevigata (Smooth Winterberry Holly) (1 GIF image, 183K)
Ilex opaca (American Holly) (1 GIF image, 41K)
Kalmia angustifolia (Sheep Laurel) (2 GIF images, 85K)
Kalmia latifolia (Mountain Laurel) (1 GIF image, 79K)
Leucothoe racemosa (Fetter-bush) (4 GIF images, 287K)
Lophiola americana (Golden-crest) (1 GIF image, 20K)
Lyonia ligustrina (Maleberry) (4 GIF images, 265K)
Lyonia mariana (Stagger-bush) (3 GIF images, 121K)
Magnolia virginiana (Sweet Bay or Swamp Magnolia) (2 GIF images, 86K)
Melampyrum lineare (Cow-wheat) (2 GIF images, 31K)
Monotropa hypopithys (Pinesap) (2 GIF images, 208K)
Monotropa uniflora (Indian Pipe) (1 GIF image, 84K)
Narthecium americanum (Bog Asphodel) (1 GIF image, 15K)
Nymphaea odorata (Fragrant or White Water-lily) (1 GIF image, 40K)
Nyssa sylvatica (Sour Gum or Black Gum) (2 GIF images, 102K)
Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern) (3 GIF images, 195K)
Pinus echinata (Shortleaf Pine) (2 GIF images, 148K)
Pinus rigida (Pitch Pine) (9 GIF images, 512K)
Pinus virginiana (Scrub, Jersey or Virginia Pine) (1 GIF image, 76K)
Pontederia cordata (Pickerelweed) (1 GIF image, 45K)
Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken Fern) (1 GIF image, 94K)
Quercus alba (White Oak) (3 GIF images, 198K)
Quercus ilicifolia (Scrub Oak) (2 GIF images, 79K)
Quercus marilandica (Black-jack Oak) (1 GIF image, 55K)
Quercus prinus (Chestnut Oak) (2 GIF images, 140K)
Quercus velutina (Black Oak) (2 GIF images, 124K)
Rhododendron viscosum (Swamp Azalea) (3 GIF images, 101K)
Rhus copallina (Winged Sumac) (3 GIF images, 376K)
Rhus vernix (Poison Sumac) (1 GIF image, 115K)
Sarracenia purpurea (Pitcher Plant) (2 GIF images, 81K)
Sassafras albidum (Sassafras) (5 GIF images, 279K)
Schizaea pusilla (Curly-grass Fern) (2 GIF images, 181K)
Smilax (Greenbrier) (2 GIF images, 160K)
Spiranthes cernua (Nodding Ladies'-tresses Orchid) (1 GIF image, 117K)
Spiranthes tuberosa (Little Ladies'-tresses Orchid) (2 GIF images, 148K)
Tephrosia virginiana (Goat's Rue) (1 GIF image, 37K)
Trientalis borealis (Star-flower) (1 GIF image, 104K)
Vaccinium corymbosum (Highbush Blueberry) (5 GIF images, 163K)
Vaccinium macrocarpon (American Cranberry) (4 GIF images, 229K)
Xerophyllum asphodeloides (Turkeybeard) (2 GIF images, 141K)
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References
Boyd, HP. 1991. A field guide to the Pine Barrens of New Jersey. Plexus Publishing, Medford, NJ. 423 p. Boyd, HP. 1997. A Pine barrens odyssey. Plexus Publishing, Medford, NJ. 277 p. Boyd, HP. 2001. Wildflowers of the Pine Barrens of New Jersey. Plexus Publishing, Medford, NJ. 163 p. Clemants, S and C Gracie. 2006. Wildflowers in the field and forest: A field guide to the northeastern United States. Oxford University Press, New York. 445 p. Collins, BR and KH Anderson. 1994. Plant communities of New Jersey. Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, NJ. 287 p. Forman, RTT. 1998. Pine Barrens: ecosystems and landscape. Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, NJ. 601 p. Harshberger, JW. 1916. The vegetation of the New Jersey Pine- Barrens. Dover Publications, Inc., Mineola, NY. 329 p. Hough, MY. 1983. New Jersey wild plants. Harmony Press, Harmony, NJ. 414 p. Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb's wildflower guide. Little, Brown and Co., NY. 490 p. Peterson, TP and M McKenny. 1968. A field guide to wildflowers: Northeastern and Northcentral North America. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA. 420 p. Petrides, GA. 1972. A field guide to trees and shrubs, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA. 428 p.
Contact the State of New Jersey Pinelands Commission for information about Pinelands protection, curriculum guides, audio- visual aids, and other Pinelands educational materials:
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[ Dr. Michael F. Gross ]
Last update:September 02, 2006
Contents and photos by Dr. Michael F. Gross
Pinelands layout redesign by Quinn Bolanowski, class of '99
1996-2008 Georgian Court University
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